Is Management ART or
SCIENCE
It’s an Art
The question of whether
management is an art or
science is quite old.
When viewed as an art,
management is
remarkable, but natural
expression of human
behavior. It is intuitive,
creative and flexible.
Managers are leaders
and artists who are able
to develop unique
alternatives and novel
ideas about their
organizations needs.
They are attuned to
people and events
around them and learn
to anticipate the
turbulent twists and
turns around them.
However, artistry in
management is neither
exact nor precise. Artists
interpret experience and
express it in forms that
can be felt, understood
and appreciated by
others. Art allows for
emotion, subtlety and
ambiguity. An artist
frames the world so that
others can see new
possibilities.
Science is extraordinary.
It is a method of doing
things. It is the
organized systematic
expertise that gathers
knowledge about the
world and condenses
the knowledge into
testable laws and
principles. When science
is done correctly, it can
advice us in all of our day
to day decisions and
actions.
Management is basically
an art which can be
made efficient by
scientific methods. The
artistic talents of the
manager can be
enriched by the usage of
scientific tools. However
as the famous quote “A
fool with a tool is still a
fool ”, the artist in any
manager definitely has
an edge. His creativity
and productivity can be
magnified by using the
correct scientific
methods.
The art of management
existed long before
automation. Without
doubt, the science has
made the management
easier. But focusing only
on the science may lead
to shift of focus of the
entire team and create
overheads. Success of
managers depends on
how effectively they can
use the scientific aid to
enhance their artistic
skills.
It’s a Science
Einstein said: “Intellect…
has…no personality, it
cannot lead, it can only
serve ”
From the original five
dimensions
(inconsistently referred
to throughout the book
as dimensions, domains
or abilities – the use of
the word "abilities" will
be utilized for this
review), the authors
have simplified these
into four:
1. Self-awareness
2. Self-management
3. Social awareness
4. Relationship
management
All four are closely
related and build on the
preceding ability, but it
begins with self-
awareness. Self-
awareness helps us
recognize emotions in
others. Good, resonant
leaders have the ability
to manage their own
emotions to do and say
the appropriate things at
the appropriate time.
Possessing a social
awareness – being
aware of how others feel
individually or in a group
– creates empathy,
which is crucial for
relationship
management.
The four abilities have
been defined into 18
competences. The
authors argue that these
competences are not
innate talents, but
learned abilities. From
the four abilities and the
18 competences, people
can identify their own
abilities and
competences. The
authors have found that
no leader has an across-
the-board set but, rather,
a critical mass of a
selection of abilities or
competences.
Management is a set of
activities (including
planning and decision
making, organizing,
leading, and controlling)
directed at an
organization's resources
(human, financial,
physical, and
information) with the
aim of achieving
organizational goals in
an efficient and effective
manner. A manager is
someone whose primary
responsibility is to carry
out the management
process within an
organization. The
effective practice of
management requires a
synthesis of science and
art; that is, a blend of
rational objectivity and
intuitive insight. Good
management is a
mixture of art and
science.
Management as an Art is
a practice that has been
followed for ages
(donkey ’s years!) by
many noble-beings
(were they called
managers in the early
era??) and has been
unremitting since
then...maybe the style
has changed but the
objective hasn't. Being
an art, its practice to
perfection was one of
the most essential
feature (sine-qua-non)
that everyone was
looking at. However, due
to efflux of time, many
realized that it wasn't
important to be perfect
BUT necessary to be
excellent. If you aren't
excellent, u better take a
jump!
Management as a
Science always had (and
continues to have) a
'Cause & Effect'
relationship that has
been practiced (did I say
preached?) for time
immemorial (well, still
being very well practiced
and preached in many
companies!) inorder to
enable people to
perform better
(hopefully!) and
understand the
quantification (many-a-
times distorted!) behind
their performance. I
guess, time has come for
us to realize the
importance of
management BOTH as an
art and science and to
appreciate its co-
existence within an
organization.
Tuesday, 21 June 2011
Sunday, 19 June 2011
What is a rendering?
Rendering is when you take a
3d or 2d model or picture
and apply reflections, light,
effects, refreactions,
shadows, and ect.... basicly, it
makes a computer creation
look better or real.
3d or 2d model or picture
and apply reflections, light,
effects, refreactions,
shadows, and ect.... basicly, it
makes a computer creation
look better or real.
What is assembly language. Give its advantages over machine language?
Machine language is binary:
0010001111010111011011
1011. Humans can read this
code, but it is tedious and
painfully slow for most
humans to do so.
Assembly language is a
mnemonic language: it
translates directly into
machine code, but is easier
on the eyes. The above
machine language might
translate into a more
readable:
mov r1,3412
mov r2,2231
add r2,r1
push r2
"mov r1,3412" is far easier to
read than a string of 1s and
0s that the computer sees. Of
course, like any language, you
still have to understand the
code, and there is a lot more
documentation to work with
assembly as opposed to high
level languages.
The advantage is that
assembly is easier to read
and write for humans than
pure machine code.
0010001111010111011011
1011. Humans can read this
code, but it is tedious and
painfully slow for most
humans to do so.
Assembly language is a
mnemonic language: it
translates directly into
machine code, but is easier
on the eyes. The above
machine language might
translate into a more
readable:
mov r1,3412
mov r2,2231
add r2,r1
push r2
"mov r1,3412" is far easier to
read than a string of 1s and
0s that the computer sees. Of
course, like any language, you
still have to understand the
code, and there is a lot more
documentation to work with
assembly as opposed to high
level languages.
The advantage is that
assembly is easier to read
and write for humans than
pure machine code.
Why computer known as data processor?
A computer is an electronic
device which manipulates or
transforms data. it accepts
data, stores data, process
data according to a set of
instructions, and also retrieve
the data when required.
Hence it is known as a data
processor.
device which manipulates or
transforms data. it accepts
data, stores data, process
data according to a set of
instructions, and also retrieve
the data when required.
Hence it is known as a data
processor.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of machine language?
Advantage
The only advantage is that
program of machine
language run very fast
because no translation
program is required for the
CPU.
Disadvantages
1. It is very difficult to
program in machine
language. The
programmer has to
know details of
hardware to write
program.
2. The programmer has to
remember a lot of
codes to write a
program which results
in program errors.
3. It is difficult to debug
the program.
The only advantage is that
program of machine
language run very fast
because no translation
program is required for the
CPU.
Disadvantages
1. It is very difficult to
program in machine
language. The
programmer has to
know details of
hardware to write
program.
2. The programmer has to
remember a lot of
codes to write a
program which results
in program errors.
3. It is difficult to debug
the program.
What is multiprogramming and an example of multiprogramming?
Multiprogramming is a
feature of an OS which allows
running multiple programs
simutaneously on 1 CPU. So,
say, you may be typing in
word, listning to music while
in background IE is
downloading some file &
anti-virus program is
scanning. These all happen
simultaneously to you.
Actually programs dont run
simultaneously, but OS divides
time for each program
acccording to priorities.
When the chance of that
program comes it runs, after
the stipulated time is over,
next program runs & so on.
Since this process is so fast
that it appears programs are
running simultaneously.
MOst of recent OSes are
multiprogramming. For eg.
Windows XP, Liunux
feature of an OS which allows
running multiple programs
simutaneously on 1 CPU. So,
say, you may be typing in
word, listning to music while
in background IE is
downloading some file &
anti-virus program is
scanning. These all happen
simultaneously to you.
Actually programs dont run
simultaneously, but OS divides
time for each program
acccording to priorities.
When the chance of that
program comes it runs, after
the stipulated time is over,
next program runs & so on.
Since this process is so fast
that it appears programs are
running simultaneously.
MOst of recent OSes are
multiprogramming. For eg.
Windows XP, Liunux
What is the difference between computer science and information technology?
At the most basic level,
Computer Science is a "Hard"
Science, well grounded in
what is now known in the
field of Mathematics as
Information Theory.
Computer Science (as a field)
is concerned with developing
new ideas around the use
and design of computing
systems, and with the
mathematical concepts of
computation and
information.
Information Technology, on
the other hand, is a practical
Engineering discipline,
concerned with
implementing solutions to
practical problems using
current-day technology.
Computer Science is a "Hard"
Science, well grounded in
what is now known in the
field of Mathematics as
Information Theory.
Computer Science (as a field)
is concerned with developing
new ideas around the use
and design of computing
systems, and with the
mathematical concepts of
computation and
information.
Information Technology, on
the other hand, is a practical
Engineering discipline,
concerned with
implementing solutions to
practical problems using
current-day technology.
Saturday, 18 June 2011
What is a Dedicated Server?
A Dedicated Server is one that
only has a single website
running on it. Rather than a
shared server which has multiple
websites being served up.
only has a single website
running on it. Rather than a
shared server which has multiple
websites being served up.
What is Disk Space?
Disk Space - the total physical
amount of hard drive space a
host allows a user to have.
amount of hard drive space a
host allows a user to have.
What is Bandwidth?
Bandwidth in respect to hosting,
is the amount of information that
can be transferred from the
server to a Browser. Hosts usually
limit the amount of bandwidth a
user has available per month. As
an example, if you had a file on
your site that was 1mb and you
had 1Gb of bandwidth, users
could download the file 1000
total times.
is the amount of information that
can be transferred from the
server to a Browser. Hosts usually
limit the amount of bandwidth a
user has available per month. As
an example, if you had a file on
your site that was 1mb and you
had 1Gb of bandwidth, users
could download the file 1000
total times.
what is a CGI Service?
CGI stands for Common Gateway
Interface. CGI provides a method
to interface a computer program
with an HTML page. CGI programs
can be written to do many
different things, which includes:
counting visitors to your web
site; processing data obtained
from online forms; and creating
simple animations. If you want
any of these features it is
essential that your host includes
a CGI Service usually in the form
of a CGI-bin.
Interface. CGI provides a method
to interface a computer program
with an HTML page. CGI programs
can be written to do many
different things, which includes:
counting visitors to your web
site; processing data obtained
from online forms; and creating
simple animations. If you want
any of these features it is
essential that your host includes
a CGI Service usually in the form
of a CGI-bin.
What is WebMail?
WebMail - Provides the user an
interface on the Internet so they
can access their e-mail messages
from any computer.
interface on the Internet so they
can access their e-mail messages
from any computer.
What are POP and SMTP servers?
Post Office Protocol is the most
common protocol used to
retrieve e-mail from a mail server.
Most e-mail applications
(sometimes called an e-mail
client) use the POP protocol,
although some can use the
newer IMAP (Internet Message
Access Protocol). The newest
version, POP3, can be used with
or without SMTP (an e-mail
sending protocol, stands for
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).
IMAP servers are similar to POP
servers, the only difference being
they save the e-mail so they can
be retrieved from multiple
locations or multiple users.
common protocol used to
retrieve e-mail from a mail server.
Most e-mail applications
(sometimes called an e-mail
client) use the POP protocol,
although some can use the
newer IMAP (Internet Message
Access Protocol). The newest
version, POP3, can be used with
or without SMTP (an e-mail
sending protocol, stands for
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).
IMAP servers are similar to POP
servers, the only difference being
they save the e-mail so they can
be retrieved from multiple
locations or multiple users.
What is E-Mail?
As most people already know E-
mail stands for Electronic Mail
and is now an integral part of
business and personal
communication.
mail stands for Electronic Mail
and is now an integral part of
business and personal
communication.
What is Downloading?
Downloading - Is the transferring
of files from a remote computer
to your local computer.
of files from a remote computer
to your local computer.
What is Uploading?
Uploading - Is the transferring of
files from your local computer to
a remote computer, usually a
server.
files from your local computer to
a remote computer, usually a
server.
What does FTP stand for?
File Transfer Protocol - Allows the
transfer of one or more files
from one computer to another
across the Internet. Usually from
a personal computer to a Server
or vice versa. FTP is fully covered
here
transfer of one or more files
from one computer to another
across the Internet. Usually from
a personal computer to a Server
or vice versa. FTP is fully covered
here
What does DNS stand for?
Domain Name System - a system
of mapping names to IP
addresses. Because domain
names are alphabetic, they're
easier for humans to remember.
The Internet, however, is really
based on IP addresses. Every
time you use a domain name,
DNS translates the name into the
corresponding IP address. It is
similar to a phonebook for the
Internet.
of mapping names to IP
addresses. Because domain
names are alphabetic, they're
easier for humans to remember.
The Internet, however, is really
based on IP addresses. Every
time you use a domain name,
DNS translates the name into the
corresponding IP address. It is
similar to a phonebook for the
Internet.
What does URL Stand for?
Uniform Resource Locator - the
global address of documents and
other resources on the World
Wide Web. The first part of the
address indicates what protocol
to use, and the second part
specifies the IP address or the
domain name where the
resource is located. http://
www.coffeecup.com/ is the URL
for CoffeeCup Software.
global address of documents and
other resources on the World
Wide Web. The first part of the
address indicates what protocol
to use, and the second part
specifies the IP address or the
domain name where the
resource is located. http://
www.coffeecup.com/ is the URL
for CoffeeCup Software.
What is an IP Address?
Every computer connected to the
Internet must have a unique
address known as an IP (Internet
Protocol) address. The IP address
is a numeric address written as a
set of four numbers separated by
dots, for example
64.149.219.213. The address
provides a unique identification
of a computer and the network it
belongs to.
Internet must have a unique
address known as an IP (Internet
Protocol) address. The IP address
is a numeric address written as a
set of four numbers separated by
dots, for example
64.149.219.213. The address
provides a unique identification
of a computer and the network it
belongs to.
What is a Domain Name?
An addressing construct used for
identifying and locating
computers on the Internet.
Domain names provide a system
of easy-to-remember Internet
addresses, which can be
translated by the Domain Name
System (DNS) into the numeric
addresses (Internet Protocol (IP)
numbers) used by a network.
(india.com is a domain
name as is Google.com)
identifying and locating
computers on the Internet.
Domain names provide a system
of easy-to-remember Internet
addresses, which can be
translated by the Domain Name
System (DNS) into the numeric
addresses (Internet Protocol (IP)
numbers) used by a network.
(india.com is a domain
name as is Google.com)
What is HTTP?
HyperText Transfer Protocol - the
underlying protocol used by the
World Wide Web. HTTP defines
how messages are formatted
and transmitted, and what action
Web servers and browsers
should take in response to
various commands. For example,
when you enter a URL in your
browser, this actually sends an
HTTP command to the Web
server directing it to fetch and
transmit the requested Web
page.
underlying protocol used by the
World Wide Web. HTTP defines
how messages are formatted
and transmitted, and what action
Web servers and browsers
should take in response to
various commands. For example,
when you enter a URL in your
browser, this actually sends an
HTTP command to the Web
server directing it to fetch and
transmit the requested Web
page.
What is a Web Server?
Generally used in reference to the
computer hardware that
provides World Wide Web
services on the Internet, a Web
server includes the hardware,
operating system, server
software, TCP/IP protocols and
the Web site content. Web
servers process requests from
Browsers for web pages and
serves them up via HTTP.
computer hardware that
provides World Wide Web
services on the Internet, a Web
server includes the hardware,
operating system, server
software, TCP/IP protocols and
the Web site content. Web
servers process requests from
Browsers for web pages and
serves them up via HTTP.
What is Web Hosting?
Web Hosting or 'Hosting' is a
service provided by a vendor
which offers a physical location
for the storage of web pages
and files. Think of a Web Hosting
Company as a type of landlord,
they rent physical space on their
servers allowing webpages to be
viewed on the Internet.
service provided by a vendor
which offers a physical location
for the storage of web pages
and files. Think of a Web Hosting
Company as a type of landlord,
they rent physical space on their
servers allowing webpages to be
viewed on the Internet.
What are the differences between Meta Data and Data Dictionary?
Metadata is nothing but the data
about data if you take term of
informatica in that through
metadata only you will be
converting or solving the
problem. In the flow of
Informatica mapping real data
will first convert in to metadata
which is not actual data and then
it will be converted to again
metadata to data that is the way
how metadata works in
datawarehouse.
Data Dictionary is the tool where
you can find views tables
restrictions alias and etc data
base activities in perticular
datawarehouse.
about data if you take term of
informatica in that through
metadata only you will be
converting or solving the
problem. In the flow of
Informatica mapping real data
will first convert in to metadata
which is not actual data and then
it will be converted to again
metadata to data that is the way
how metadata works in
datawarehouse.
Data Dictionary is the tool where
you can find views tables
restrictions alias and etc data
base activities in perticular
datawarehouse.
How Do I Create My Own Website?
Creating your own website can
be useful for a number of
purposes. Whether it's to share
your expertise on a particular
topic, start an online business,
foster a community, or just
maintain an online journal of
your activities, having a website
will allow you to make your
content accessible from any
connected computer. It can also
theoretically allow you to have a
larger audience for your ideas
than you would ever have
otherwise. If you have useful
ideas or observations to share,
you may be able to share them
with as many as a few dozen
people throughout the day, if
you are lucky. With a website,
you can share them with
hundreds or even thousands.
Possibly the easiest way to
create your own website is to
use an online site creation tool.
These services often provide
intuitive interfaces for adding
text, images, links, and other
bits of content to a webpage.
Many of these tools have a
WYSIWYG web design platform,
which means "What You See is
What You Get" — what you
create in the design interface is
what your visitors will see.
If you want more options and
functionality on your website,
as well as your own dedicated
web address, you'll need to
create pages in HTML, register a
web domain, and get a hosting
server to upload your pages to.
Web domains can be registered
at any number of registrars —
Godaddy.com is a popular one.
Search for "hosting" or "cheap
hosting" to find many
thousands of available hosting
companies. As a general rule of
thumb, if you're paying more
than about $10 US dollars (USD)
per month for hosting for a
low-traffic website, you're
paying way too much. Many
companies offer space for even
less.
To create HTML, you can write it
from scratch in notepad, or use
a WYSIWYG software program.
HTML is not a programming
language per se, and as such is
much easier to use than true
programming languages. You
can learn basic HTML in less
than an hour and start using it
to create your very own web
pages.
After you create your pages,
they must be uploaded to your
server. You will receive a
username and password from
your host once you register
with them. You can use these in
an application called an FTP
program to connect your
computer with the server, then
send your completed pages
from computer to server. Once
uploaded, your website will be
visible on the World Wide Web
for all to enjoy. Within a few
days, pages with inbound links
will be indexed by major search
engines and begin to appear in
search results.
be useful for a number of
purposes. Whether it's to share
your expertise on a particular
topic, start an online business,
foster a community, or just
maintain an online journal of
your activities, having a website
will allow you to make your
content accessible from any
connected computer. It can also
theoretically allow you to have a
larger audience for your ideas
than you would ever have
otherwise. If you have useful
ideas or observations to share,
you may be able to share them
with as many as a few dozen
people throughout the day, if
you are lucky. With a website,
you can share them with
hundreds or even thousands.
Possibly the easiest way to
create your own website is to
use an online site creation tool.
These services often provide
intuitive interfaces for adding
text, images, links, and other
bits of content to a webpage.
Many of these tools have a
WYSIWYG web design platform,
which means "What You See is
What You Get" — what you
create in the design interface is
what your visitors will see.
If you want more options and
functionality on your website,
as well as your own dedicated
web address, you'll need to
create pages in HTML, register a
web domain, and get a hosting
server to upload your pages to.
Web domains can be registered
at any number of registrars —
Godaddy.com is a popular one.
Search for "hosting" or "cheap
hosting" to find many
thousands of available hosting
companies. As a general rule of
thumb, if you're paying more
than about $10 US dollars (USD)
per month for hosting for a
low-traffic website, you're
paying way too much. Many
companies offer space for even
less.
To create HTML, you can write it
from scratch in notepad, or use
a WYSIWYG software program.
HTML is not a programming
language per se, and as such is
much easier to use than true
programming languages. You
can learn basic HTML in less
than an hour and start using it
to create your very own web
pages.
After you create your pages,
they must be uploaded to your
server. You will receive a
username and password from
your host once you register
with them. You can use these in
an application called an FTP
program to connect your
computer with the server, then
send your completed pages
from computer to server. Once
uploaded, your website will be
visible on the World Wide Web
for all to enjoy. Within a few
days, pages with inbound links
will be indexed by major search
engines and begin to appear in
search results.
What Is Web Design?
Web design is used as a general
term to describe any of the
various tasks involved in
creating a web page. More
specifically, it refers to jobs
focused on building the front-
end of a web page.
The web consists of myriad
pages, presenting information
using different technologies
and linked together with
hyperlinks. There are two basic
aspects to any web page found
on the Internet.
The first is a
presentation that the user
interacts with, usually visually,
while the second is a back-end
that includes information for
non-human browsers.
The basic markup language
used to tell a browser how to
present information is called the
HyperText Markup Language
(HTML). A stricter version of
HTML is also widely used,
known as eXtensible HyperText
Markup Language ( XHTML).
Using HTML or XHTML, a web
designer is able to tell a
browser how a web page
should appear. In the last few
years there has been a push
towards separating the
underlying structure of a web-
page (using HTML) from the
visual presentation of the site
(using Cascading Style Sheets or
CSS). This approach has a
number of major benefits in
both the short and long term,
and is gathering popularity as
time progresses.
From a technical standpoint, the
act of web design can be quite
difficult. Unlike more traditional
print media, HTML has a number
of variable factors. To begin
with, not all browsers interpret
HTML according to the
standards created by the
standard-setting body — the
World Wide Web Consortium,
also known as W3. This means
that while one piece of web
design will appear as the
designer wishes it to in one
browser, it may appear
completely differently in
another. There are numerous
fixes and work-arounds to try
to circumvent browser-specific
bugs, but it is a tenuous
business at best.
Another major limiting factor of
web design is the plethora of
formats a site might be viewed
in. While graphic designers
know exactly how large the
piece of paper they are printing
on will be, a web designer must
account for different monitor
sizes, different display settings,
and even browsers for non-
sighted surfers! Combined,
these concerns often leave a
web designer struggling to
incorporate enough dynamism
to make a web page attractive
on a range of browser sizes,
while creating a layout static
enough to allow for the use of
images and other necessarily
fixed-size components.
In addition to XHTML and CSS,
web designers often use a
number of database driven
languages to allow for more
dynamism and interactivity on
their websites. While useful
with smaller sites, database
driven languages become a
virtual necessity on any site
presenting huge amounts of
data. Some of the most popular
languages for 'dynamic' web
design include ASP, PHP, and
ColdFusion. Macromedia's Flash
also allows for a different sort
of web design and is very
popular amongst many web
designers.
The possibilities for web design
are virtually limitless, although
at one point they were quite
constrained by the boundaries
of the browser itself. With the
advent and flexibility of Flash
and other embedded
technologies, these boundaries
have been all but removed,
allowing for a versatility and
dynamism that challenges the
imagination of anyone
interested in web design.
term to describe any of the
various tasks involved in
creating a web page. More
specifically, it refers to jobs
focused on building the front-
end of a web page.
The web consists of myriad
pages, presenting information
using different technologies
and linked together with
hyperlinks. There are two basic
aspects to any web page found
on the Internet.
The first is a
presentation that the user
interacts with, usually visually,
while the second is a back-end
that includes information for
non-human browsers.
The basic markup language
used to tell a browser how to
present information is called the
HyperText Markup Language
(HTML). A stricter version of
HTML is also widely used,
known as eXtensible HyperText
Markup Language ( XHTML).
Using HTML or XHTML, a web
designer is able to tell a
browser how a web page
should appear. In the last few
years there has been a push
towards separating the
underlying structure of a web-
page (using HTML) from the
visual presentation of the site
(using Cascading Style Sheets or
CSS). This approach has a
number of major benefits in
both the short and long term,
and is gathering popularity as
time progresses.
From a technical standpoint, the
act of web design can be quite
difficult. Unlike more traditional
print media, HTML has a number
of variable factors. To begin
with, not all browsers interpret
HTML according to the
standards created by the
standard-setting body — the
World Wide Web Consortium,
also known as W3. This means
that while one piece of web
design will appear as the
designer wishes it to in one
browser, it may appear
completely differently in
another. There are numerous
fixes and work-arounds to try
to circumvent browser-specific
bugs, but it is a tenuous
business at best.
Another major limiting factor of
web design is the plethora of
formats a site might be viewed
in. While graphic designers
know exactly how large the
piece of paper they are printing
on will be, a web designer must
account for different monitor
sizes, different display settings,
and even browsers for non-
sighted surfers! Combined,
these concerns often leave a
web designer struggling to
incorporate enough dynamism
to make a web page attractive
on a range of browser sizes,
while creating a layout static
enough to allow for the use of
images and other necessarily
fixed-size components.
In addition to XHTML and CSS,
web designers often use a
number of database driven
languages to allow for more
dynamism and interactivity on
their websites. While useful
with smaller sites, database
driven languages become a
virtual necessity on any site
presenting huge amounts of
data. Some of the most popular
languages for 'dynamic' web
design include ASP, PHP, and
ColdFusion. Macromedia's Flash
also allows for a different sort
of web design and is very
popular amongst many web
designers.
The possibilities for web design
are virtually limitless, although
at one point they were quite
constrained by the boundaries
of the browser itself. With the
advent and flexibility of Flash
and other embedded
technologies, these boundaries
have been all but removed,
allowing for a versatility and
dynamism that challenges the
imagination of anyone
interested in web design.
MANAGEMENT; Is a Art or Science?
Management
is everywhere - office, hospital,
school, curity, Finance, trust etc.,
Management is basically
Planning, Organizing,
Coordinating, Directing,
Assessing, Correcting, Motivating
and Achieving a set goal. It is
objective-oriented. We always
have a doubt whether it is an art
or science. It is the oldest of arts
and youngest of science, because
it is of dynamic nature.
Different Managements need
different approaches; for
example Business Management
and Personnel Management are
based on Common principles but
vary a lot in the approach.
Economists say Management is a
Factor of Production; Socialist
views it as a Group of People;
others say that is a process;
Mary
Parker says “ Management in its
true sense, a process by which
an organization realizes its
objectives in a planned manner”;
Management is all about great
ideas, people and achievements;
though there are many
definitions of Management no
single definition is universally
accepted, as it changes from
situation to situation, industry to
industry; it has got different
dimensions and hence cannot be
defined precisely as a Scientific
Theory or Law;
James A. F. says “
Management is the process of
Planning, Organizing Leading
and Controlling efforts of
organization members and of
using all other organizational
resources to achieve pre-
determined Organizational
goals”.
Dr. James Lundy’s views :
“Management is a task of
Planning, Coordinating,
Motivating and Controlling the
efforts of others towards specific
objectives”.
According to Henry
Fayol, “Management is to
forecast, plan, organize,
command, coordinate and
control".
Peter F Drucker defines
Management as “An Economic
Organ of industrial society”; E.F.L.
Breach says “Management is
concerned with seeing that the
job gets done, its tasks are
centered on planning and
guiding the operations that are
going on in the enterprise”;
According to George R Terry
“Management is a distinct
process consisting of planning,
organizing, actuating and
controlling performance to
accomplish the objectives by the
use of people and resources”.
Management is taking inputs,
transforming them into output-
either a good or service; the
effectiveness of this
transforming the input into
output depends on the
Management - especially when
the resources are scarce; It is a
group activity; motivating others
and getting the things done
within the stipulated time,
without compromising on the
quality of the result; it gives
shape and color to the great
ideas of the manager;
Management involves dealing
with people who have different
understanding, sensitivity,
knowledge, capability,
responsibility, maturity.
Science is a collection of
systematic knowledge, collection
of truths and Inferences after
continuous study and
experiments. The Relationship
between Variables and Limits are
defined and the Fundamental
Principles discovered.
Science has got three specific
characters :
1. It is a systematic and
organized knowledge and based
on scientific methods of
observation.
2. Inferences are arrived after
continuous observation and
experiemtns;
3. It has logical principles which
are well defined and are
Universally applicable without
any limitations.
Management Principles have also
evolved and it is changing day by
day according to the change in
the human behaviour; In science
keeping one factor as Variable
and all others as constants the
same experiment is repeated
many times in order to arrive at a
conclusion; but Management
involves human element and
hence all the factors are wildly
varying.
Art uses the known rules and
principles and uses the skill,
expertise, Wisdom, experience to
achieve the desired result. The
point is how to get the things
done in the desired manner to
get the desired result. New
methods can be adopted from
the past experiences and
incidents what to do and what
not to do; Effective Management
is extracting voluntary
cooperation from the staff. So it
is definitely an art and it can be
acquired only by practicing the
theoretical knowledge skillfully
and prudently.
Management has got two faces
like a coin; on one side it is art
and on the other it is science.
Management has got scientific
principles which constitute the
elements of Science and Skill and
Talent which are the attributes of
Art.
Management skills are acquired
by constant practice as in the
case of medicine, engineering
and accountancy; Mere
knowledge of concepts will not
fetch results; understanding
human behaviour, tactfulness,
vision, pragmatism, creativity,
compassion towards staff, team
spirit are all needed by a
Successful Manager for effective
management. The Science and
Art are not mutually exclusive but
complementary to each other.
Therefore Management is both a
science and an art.
is everywhere - office, hospital,
school, curity, Finance, trust etc.,
Management is basically
Planning, Organizing,
Coordinating, Directing,
Assessing, Correcting, Motivating
and Achieving a set goal. It is
objective-oriented. We always
have a doubt whether it is an art
or science. It is the oldest of arts
and youngest of science, because
it is of dynamic nature.
Different Managements need
different approaches; for
example Business Management
and Personnel Management are
based on Common principles but
vary a lot in the approach.
Economists say Management is a
Factor of Production; Socialist
views it as a Group of People;
others say that is a process;
Mary
Parker says “ Management in its
true sense, a process by which
an organization realizes its
objectives in a planned manner”;
Management is all about great
ideas, people and achievements;
though there are many
definitions of Management no
single definition is universally
accepted, as it changes from
situation to situation, industry to
industry; it has got different
dimensions and hence cannot be
defined precisely as a Scientific
Theory or Law;
James A. F. says “
Management is the process of
Planning, Organizing Leading
and Controlling efforts of
organization members and of
using all other organizational
resources to achieve pre-
determined Organizational
goals”.
Dr. James Lundy’s views :
“Management is a task of
Planning, Coordinating,
Motivating and Controlling the
efforts of others towards specific
objectives”.
According to Henry
Fayol, “Management is to
forecast, plan, organize,
command, coordinate and
control".
Peter F Drucker defines
Management as “An Economic
Organ of industrial society”; E.F.L.
Breach says “Management is
concerned with seeing that the
job gets done, its tasks are
centered on planning and
guiding the operations that are
going on in the enterprise”;
According to George R Terry
“Management is a distinct
process consisting of planning,
organizing, actuating and
controlling performance to
accomplish the objectives by the
use of people and resources”.
Management is taking inputs,
transforming them into output-
either a good or service; the
effectiveness of this
transforming the input into
output depends on the
Management - especially when
the resources are scarce; It is a
group activity; motivating others
and getting the things done
within the stipulated time,
without compromising on the
quality of the result; it gives
shape and color to the great
ideas of the manager;
Management involves dealing
with people who have different
understanding, sensitivity,
knowledge, capability,
responsibility, maturity.
Science is a collection of
systematic knowledge, collection
of truths and Inferences after
continuous study and
experiments. The Relationship
between Variables and Limits are
defined and the Fundamental
Principles discovered.
Science has got three specific
characters :
1. It is a systematic and
organized knowledge and based
on scientific methods of
observation.
2. Inferences are arrived after
continuous observation and
experiemtns;
3. It has logical principles which
are well defined and are
Universally applicable without
any limitations.
Management Principles have also
evolved and it is changing day by
day according to the change in
the human behaviour; In science
keeping one factor as Variable
and all others as constants the
same experiment is repeated
many times in order to arrive at a
conclusion; but Management
involves human element and
hence all the factors are wildly
varying.
Art uses the known rules and
principles and uses the skill,
expertise, Wisdom, experience to
achieve the desired result. The
point is how to get the things
done in the desired manner to
get the desired result. New
methods can be adopted from
the past experiences and
incidents what to do and what
not to do; Effective Management
is extracting voluntary
cooperation from the staff. So it
is definitely an art and it can be
acquired only by practicing the
theoretical knowledge skillfully
and prudently.
Management has got two faces
like a coin; on one side it is art
and on the other it is science.
Management has got scientific
principles which constitute the
elements of Science and Skill and
Talent which are the attributes of
Art.
Management skills are acquired
by constant practice as in the
case of medicine, engineering
and accountancy; Mere
knowledge of concepts will not
fetch results; understanding
human behaviour, tactfulness,
vision, pragmatism, creativity,
compassion towards staff, team
spirit are all needed by a
Successful Manager for effective
management. The Science and
Art are not mutually exclusive but
complementary to each other.
Therefore Management is both a
science and an art.
Monday, 6 June 2011
SMART HOME
What is a Smart Home?
How does it work?
Does it just control the lighting?
What does home automation mean then?
What Smart Home system do you recommend?
What is a Smart Home?
Smart Home technology intelligently gives you ultimate control over your home by automating the lighting system, dimming, blinds, electrical appliances, audio and security systems. The light ‘switches' in a smart home don't simply just turn on/off one set of lights, instead they are programmed to issue a number of commands to your Smart Home network. For instance walking into your lounge a single button push sets a sophisticated lighting scene, turns on the fan and the air-conditioning and starts playing your favourite music.
How does it work?
In an old-fashioned house, lights and other devices are operated via mechanical means, the switch or knob opens or closes an electrical connection or varies the resistance of that connection.
In the smart home the switch takes on a different function. Rather than regulating the flow of electricity, the switch sends a signal to a communication network, called a bus system, informing the smart home network that the button has been pressed. In the Mechanical & Engineering (M&E) room the smart home system then controls the various electric circuits and systems, issuing commands to the various electrical systems to tell them what they need to do in response to the button press.
This makes it possible for one touch control of the home, a single press doesn't just open or close an electrical connection, but tells the Smart Home system to issue a number of commands to lights, electrical devices, fans, air-conditioning etc… The beauty of this is that one button press can control anything hooked into the Smart Home network
Does it just control the lighting?
It can do, sometimes homeowners just want the ease of use of using one touch to turn off all the lights in their home, or be able to walk into a room and choose a ‘Scene'. Typically these scenes give a look to the room through dimming, turning on and off the various lighting circuits within the room. So instead of standing by the traditional light switches and dimmers, trying to work out which switch controls what lights, or trying to get the rotary dimmer just right, you simply walk into the room touch the scene button and its perfectly lit to your mood.
What does Home automation mean ?
Home automation is whereby other appliances or systems are integrated into the Smart Home in addition to lighting control. Typical examples are fans, air-conditioners, sprinklers and fountains, combined with presence detectors that detect the amount of light in the room and the presence of people, your residential integrator can automate these functions. For example you may specify that certain lights don't turn on during daylight hours whilst the room has natural daylight, that fans automatically turn on when the room is entered and that the sprinkler system comes on every day at 7.00am for one hour.
What Smart Home system do you recommend?
One of the most important factors when building a Smart Home is knowing that support is always on hand and that the system will not be obsolete in a couple of years time. With KNX this is guaranteed, KNX is the only Smart Home system that complies with the European and International standards for Home Automation. KNX is an open standard, other systems are proprietary – locking you into a single manufacturer and product line for the life of your Smart Home. We recommend using KNX by Gira, its proven reliability and full backwards and forwards compatibility promise a future proof home that will remain forever up to date.
About sharuk Khan ?
Shahrukh Khan, sometimes credited as Shah Rukh Khan, is an Indian actor and a prominent Bollywood figure, as well as a film producer and television host. Khan began his career appearing in several television serials in the late 1980s. He made his film debut in Deewana (1992). Since then, he has been part of numerous commercially successful films and has earned critical acclaim for many of his performances. Khan has won thirteen Filmfare Awards for his work in Indian films, seven of which are in the Best Actor category.
Khan’s films such as Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995), Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), Chak De India (2007), Om Shanti Om (2007) and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008) remain some of Bollywood’s biggest hits, while films like Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (2001), Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003), Veer-Zaara (2004), Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006) and My Name Is Khan (2010) have been top-grossing Indian productions in the overseas markets, making him one of the most successful actors of India. Since 2000, Khan branched out into film production and television presenting as well. He is the founder/owner of two production companies, Dreamz Unlimited and Red Chillies Entertainment. Khan is today considered to be the world’s most successful movie star,[3] with a fan following numbering in the billions and a net worth estimated at over Rs 2500 crore (US$ 540 million). In 2008, Newsweek named him one of the 50 most powerful people in the world.
Khan was born in 1965 to Muslim parents of Pathan descent in New Delhi, India. His father, Taj Mohammed Khan, was an Indian independence activist from Peshawar, British India. According to Khan, his paternal grandfather was originally from Afghanistan. His mother, Lateef Fatima, was the adopted daughter of Major General Shah Nawaz Khan of the Janjua Rajput clan, who served as a General in the Indian National Army of Subash Chandra Bose. Khan’s father came to New Delhi from Qissa Khawani Bazaar in Peshawar before the partition of India,[9] while his mother’s family came from Rawalpindi, British India.[10] Khan has an elder sister named Shehnaz.
Growing up in Rajendra Nagar neighbourhood, Khan attended St. Columba’s School where he was accomplished in sports, drama, and academics. He won the Sword of Honour, an annual award given to the student who best represents the spirit of the school. Khan later attended the Hansraj College (1985–1988) and earned his Bachelors degree in Economics (honors). Though he pursued a Masters Degree in Mass Communications at Jamia Millia Islamia, he later opted out to make his career in Bollywood.
After the death of his parents, Khan moved to Mumbai in 1991. In that same year, before any of his films were released, he married Gauri Chibber, a Hindu, in a traditional Hindu wedding ceremony on 25 October 1991. They have two children, son Aryan (b. 1997) and daughter Suhana (b. 2000). According to Khan, while he strongly believes in Allah, he also values his wife’s religion. At home, his children follow both religions, with the Qur’an being situated next to the Hindu deities.
In 2005, Nasreen Munni Kabir produced a two-part documentary on Khan, titled The Inner and Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan. Featuring his 2004 Temptations concert tour, the film contrasted Khan’s inner world of family and daily life with the outer world of his work. The book Still Reading Khan, which details his family life, was released in 2006. Another book by Anupama Chopra, “King of Bollywood: Shahrukh Khan and the seductive world of Indian cinema”, was released in 2007. This book described the world of Bollywood through Khan’s life.
Khan has been awarded several honours which includes the Padma Shri, India’s fourth highest civilian award from the Government of India in 2005. In April 2007, a life-size wax statue of Khan was installed at the Madame Tussauds Wax Museum, London. Another statue was installed at the Musée Grévin in Paris, the same year. During the same year, he was accorded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of the Arts and Literature) award by the French government for his “exceptional career”.
In October 2008, Khan was conferred the Darjah Mulia Seri Melaka which carries the honorific Datuk (in similar fashion to “Sir” in British knighthood), by the Yang di-Pertua Negeri Tun Mohd Khalil Yaakob, the head of state of Malacca in Malaysia. Khan was honoured for “promoting tourism in Malacca” by filming One Two Ka Four there in 2001. Some were critical of this decision.[21] He was also honoured with an honorary doctorate in arts and culture from Britain’s University of Bedfordshire in 2009.
Mannat Photos and Pictures Gallery;
Khan’s films such as Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995), Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), Chak De India (2007), Om Shanti Om (2007) and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008) remain some of Bollywood’s biggest hits, while films like Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (2001), Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003), Veer-Zaara (2004), Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006) and My Name Is Khan (2010) have been top-grossing Indian productions in the overseas markets, making him one of the most successful actors of India. Since 2000, Khan branched out into film production and television presenting as well. He is the founder/owner of two production companies, Dreamz Unlimited and Red Chillies Entertainment. Khan is today considered to be the world’s most successful movie star,[3] with a fan following numbering in the billions and a net worth estimated at over Rs 2500 crore (US$ 540 million). In 2008, Newsweek named him one of the 50 most powerful people in the world.
Khan was born in 1965 to Muslim parents of Pathan descent in New Delhi, India. His father, Taj Mohammed Khan, was an Indian independence activist from Peshawar, British India. According to Khan, his paternal grandfather was originally from Afghanistan. His mother, Lateef Fatima, was the adopted daughter of Major General Shah Nawaz Khan of the Janjua Rajput clan, who served as a General in the Indian National Army of Subash Chandra Bose. Khan’s father came to New Delhi from Qissa Khawani Bazaar in Peshawar before the partition of India,[9] while his mother’s family came from Rawalpindi, British India.[10] Khan has an elder sister named Shehnaz.
Growing up in Rajendra Nagar neighbourhood, Khan attended St. Columba’s School where he was accomplished in sports, drama, and academics. He won the Sword of Honour, an annual award given to the student who best represents the spirit of the school. Khan later attended the Hansraj College (1985–1988) and earned his Bachelors degree in Economics (honors). Though he pursued a Masters Degree in Mass Communications at Jamia Millia Islamia, he later opted out to make his career in Bollywood.
After the death of his parents, Khan moved to Mumbai in 1991. In that same year, before any of his films were released, he married Gauri Chibber, a Hindu, in a traditional Hindu wedding ceremony on 25 October 1991. They have two children, son Aryan (b. 1997) and daughter Suhana (b. 2000). According to Khan, while he strongly believes in Allah, he also values his wife’s religion. At home, his children follow both religions, with the Qur’an being situated next to the Hindu deities.
In 2005, Nasreen Munni Kabir produced a two-part documentary on Khan, titled The Inner and Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan. Featuring his 2004 Temptations concert tour, the film contrasted Khan’s inner world of family and daily life with the outer world of his work. The book Still Reading Khan, which details his family life, was released in 2006. Another book by Anupama Chopra, “King of Bollywood: Shahrukh Khan and the seductive world of Indian cinema”, was released in 2007. This book described the world of Bollywood through Khan’s life.
Khan has been awarded several honours which includes the Padma Shri, India’s fourth highest civilian award from the Government of India in 2005. In April 2007, a life-size wax statue of Khan was installed at the Madame Tussauds Wax Museum, London. Another statue was installed at the Musée Grévin in Paris, the same year. During the same year, he was accorded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of the Arts and Literature) award by the French government for his “exceptional career”.
In October 2008, Khan was conferred the Darjah Mulia Seri Melaka which carries the honorific Datuk (in similar fashion to “Sir” in British knighthood), by the Yang di-Pertua Negeri Tun Mohd Khalil Yaakob, the head of state of Malacca in Malaysia. Khan was honoured for “promoting tourism in Malacca” by filming One Two Ka Four there in 2001. Some were critical of this decision.[21] He was also honoured with an honorary doctorate in arts and culture from Britain’s University of Bedfordshire in 2009.
Mannat Photos and Pictures Gallery;
Sunday, 5 June 2011
What Is Ouija Board?
A ouija board is a medium through which messages are supposedly communicated by the dead to or through the players of seance. Ouija boards are also known as "witch boards" and "talking boards." The nickname "ouiji" or "weejie" is also used quite a bit. The word "ouija" is actually a combination of two words, the french word "oui" and the German word "ja." Both words mean "yes" in english.
Many Spiritualists and investigators into the occult have held that the board is a means for making direct contact with the dead and that the messages which are spelled out are from the dead.
Others have held that the messages are suggestions from the unconscious mind or the result of muscular tension and unconscious direction of the hand.
The playing pieces consist of a game board (like a Monopoly board) and a pointer, called a planchette. The game board has all the letters of the alphabet written on it. The numbers 0-9 are also usually included, along with yes/no and hello/goodbye spaces. The layout of a typical board looks like this:
The pointer is made of plastic or glass, and either points to the letters with one end or has a clear window embedded in it through which one can view the letters .To play, two or more people lightly touch the pointer and concentrate on a question. Now, first place your fingers (this works best with a friend, by the way) gently on the glass and concentrate. Than after having asked the relevant question, the glass will start to move and point to various letters, which will form words and sentences and provide with the answer to your question .
The pointer may work as the result of tiny involuntary physical movements, and the messages you see are coming from your subconscious or psychic mind.
Use a silver coin as the planchette, or wear an article made of silver. The silver is supposed to protect you from evil spirits.
To improve "reception", use a solid wood board work in male-female pairs.
Drawing a circle around you and the board, or making a circle of candles on which you concentrate on creating a safe, protected place might drive away or keep at distance the evil spirits.
Always say goodbye to the entity you are talking with when you want to end a session. If you don't say goodbye, and the spirit doesn't reply in kind, he may be trying to stick around and harm you in some way. Do not explicitly invite the spirit to enter someplace, since this will make it hard to get rid of him later.
Sometime, a “writer” that will not touch the planchette is necessary to transcribe the session as the pointer starts moving too fast for you to read and process the words it's spelling out. Another way to transcribe is to have someone call out the letters to a tape recorder. Don't take for granted or literally anything the board says. Ouija boards are famous for lying or otherwise giving false information.
Spirit are trying all the time to communicate with us and will take every opportunity to do so through whatever means is available, and this includes Ouija boards, remember not all spirits have good intentions, there are mischievous or negative spirits around.
The ancient Egyptians used a device similar to the ouija board. A ring was attached to a strand of thread, held over a circular table with symbols on it, and the ring would strike the table to spell out answers.
The earliest known patent for a talking board in the patent offices in London, England was filed by Adolphus Theodore Wagner, a professor of music and resident of Berlin of the Kingdom of Prussia. Wagner described his device as a “PSYCHOGRAPH, OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING PERSONS THOUGHTS BY THE AGENT OF NERVOUS ELECTRICITY” on January 23, 1854. This patent goes on to describe the device and identify it as a talking board.
“The apparatus consists of a combination of rods or pieces of wood joined so as to permit of free action in all parts. From one of the legs of the instrument hangs a tracer; on one or more of the other extremities is fixed a disc, upon which the operator is to place his hand, and from this extremity or these extremities depends another tracer. The other parts of the apparatus consist of a glass slab or other non-conductor, and of an alphabet and set of figures or numerals. Upon a person possessing nervous electricity placing his hand upon one of the discs the instrument will immediately work, and the tracer will spell upon the alphabet what is passing in the operator’s mind.”
In 1861 a Frenchman, Allan Kardec, described ouija boards (or talking boards) in his Le Livre des Mediums thusly:1
“In order to render spirit-communications independent of the medium’s mind, various instruments have been devised. One of these is a sort of dial -plate, on which the letters of the alphabet are ranged like those on the dial of the electric telegraph; a moveable needle, set in motion through the medium’s influence, with the aid of a conducting thread and pulley, points out the letters. We cannot help thinking, however, that the independence of the medium’s thought is insured as well by the raps, and that this independence is proved more conclusively by the unexpectedness and pertinence of the answers, than by all the mechanical contrivances yet invented for this purpose. Moreover, the incredulous, always on the lookout for wires and machinery, and are more inclined to suspect deception in connexion with any special mechanical arrangements than with a bare table, devoid of all accessories.
“A more simple contrivance, but one open to abuse, as we shall see in the chapter on Frauds, is the one devised by Madame Emile de Girardin, and by which she obtained numerous and interesting communications; for that lady accomplished and clever as she was, had the weakness to believe in spirits and their manifestations. The instrument alluded to consists of a little table with a moveable top, eighteen inches in diameter, turning freely on an axle, like a wheel. On its edge are traced, as upon a dial plate, the letters of the alphabet, the numerals, and the words “yes” and “no.” In the centre is a fixed needle. The medium places his fingers on this table, which turns and stops when the desired letters is brought up under the needle. The letters thus indicated being written down one after the other words and phrases are obtained, often with great rapidity.
“It is to be remarked that the top of the little table does not turn round under the fingers, but that the fingers remain in their place and follow the movement of the table. A powerful medium might probably obtain an independent movement; in which case the experiment would be more conclusive, because less open to the possibility of trickery.”
Ouija came about as kind of a by-product of the whole spiritualist movement that was all the rage in the early 1900's. Table-tipping was being done back then, and a Frenchman, who's last name was "planchette", produced a device that looked like a small table like a ouija pointer, that stood on two small stilts and a pen or pencil at the third point. The operator would sit with his hands as lightly as he could resting on the planchette, this device named after it's inventor, and the thing would move, producing writing.
Ouija replaced the messy planchette (the writing was messy cursive scrawls) when a board was used in place of the sheet of paper, and all three stilts on the planchette were covered with felt enabling it to slide in any direction. This made the communications fast, clear, and easy.
Pearl Curran, a housewife from St. Louis, began using a friend's ouija board in 1913. The ouija board began to spell out communications that were purportedly from a spirit contact by the name of Patience Worth. Pearl and Patience then began collaborating via automatic writing, and their output was prodigious: Patience "dictated" over a million words of poetry, plays and novels to Mrs. Curran. The works were of sufficiently high literary quality to be published and to enjoy some success among readers, and were rich in historical detail.
The Ouija board, the kind we see in toy stores today, came about in 1889 when William Fuld of Baltimore, Maryland, and his brother Isaac, marketed Ouija boards to the American public. They had a small operation and the board was the hottest item they would ever produce. People bought the board not as a game, but as a device with which they would talk to their loved ones killed in battle during the two world wars. Around 1960 Parker Brothers approached the two Fuld brothers since they were having trouble making enough boards to satisfy the demand for them. PB then took over the rights. In the 70s, the Ouija was not popular any more and the Parkers close their operation.
Many Spiritualists and investigators into the occult have held that the board is a means for making direct contact with the dead and that the messages which are spelled out are from the dead.
Others have held that the messages are suggestions from the unconscious mind or the result of muscular tension and unconscious direction of the hand.
The playing pieces consist of a game board (like a Monopoly board) and a pointer, called a planchette. The game board has all the letters of the alphabet written on it. The numbers 0-9 are also usually included, along with yes/no and hello/goodbye spaces. The layout of a typical board looks like this:
The pointer is made of plastic or glass, and either points to the letters with one end or has a clear window embedded in it through which one can view the letters .To play, two or more people lightly touch the pointer and concentrate on a question. Now, first place your fingers (this works best with a friend, by the way) gently on the glass and concentrate. Than after having asked the relevant question, the glass will start to move and point to various letters, which will form words and sentences and provide with the answer to your question .
The pointer may work as the result of tiny involuntary physical movements, and the messages you see are coming from your subconscious or psychic mind.
Use a silver coin as the planchette, or wear an article made of silver. The silver is supposed to protect you from evil spirits.
To improve "reception", use a solid wood board work in male-female pairs.
Drawing a circle around you and the board, or making a circle of candles on which you concentrate on creating a safe, protected place might drive away or keep at distance the evil spirits.
Always say goodbye to the entity you are talking with when you want to end a session. If you don't say goodbye, and the spirit doesn't reply in kind, he may be trying to stick around and harm you in some way. Do not explicitly invite the spirit to enter someplace, since this will make it hard to get rid of him later.
Sometime, a “writer” that will not touch the planchette is necessary to transcribe the session as the pointer starts moving too fast for you to read and process the words it's spelling out. Another way to transcribe is to have someone call out the letters to a tape recorder. Don't take for granted or literally anything the board says. Ouija boards are famous for lying or otherwise giving false information.
Spirit are trying all the time to communicate with us and will take every opportunity to do so through whatever means is available, and this includes Ouija boards, remember not all spirits have good intentions, there are mischievous or negative spirits around.
The ancient Egyptians used a device similar to the ouija board. A ring was attached to a strand of thread, held over a circular table with symbols on it, and the ring would strike the table to spell out answers.
The earliest known patent for a talking board in the patent offices in London, England was filed by Adolphus Theodore Wagner, a professor of music and resident of Berlin of the Kingdom of Prussia. Wagner described his device as a “PSYCHOGRAPH, OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING PERSONS THOUGHTS BY THE AGENT OF NERVOUS ELECTRICITY” on January 23, 1854. This patent goes on to describe the device and identify it as a talking board.
“The apparatus consists of a combination of rods or pieces of wood joined so as to permit of free action in all parts. From one of the legs of the instrument hangs a tracer; on one or more of the other extremities is fixed a disc, upon which the operator is to place his hand, and from this extremity or these extremities depends another tracer. The other parts of the apparatus consist of a glass slab or other non-conductor, and of an alphabet and set of figures or numerals. Upon a person possessing nervous electricity placing his hand upon one of the discs the instrument will immediately work, and the tracer will spell upon the alphabet what is passing in the operator’s mind.”
In 1861 a Frenchman, Allan Kardec, described ouija boards (or talking boards) in his Le Livre des Mediums thusly:1
“In order to render spirit-communications independent of the medium’s mind, various instruments have been devised. One of these is a sort of dial -plate, on which the letters of the alphabet are ranged like those on the dial of the electric telegraph; a moveable needle, set in motion through the medium’s influence, with the aid of a conducting thread and pulley, points out the letters. We cannot help thinking, however, that the independence of the medium’s thought is insured as well by the raps, and that this independence is proved more conclusively by the unexpectedness and pertinence of the answers, than by all the mechanical contrivances yet invented for this purpose. Moreover, the incredulous, always on the lookout for wires and machinery, and are more inclined to suspect deception in connexion with any special mechanical arrangements than with a bare table, devoid of all accessories.
“A more simple contrivance, but one open to abuse, as we shall see in the chapter on Frauds, is the one devised by Madame Emile de Girardin, and by which she obtained numerous and interesting communications; for that lady accomplished and clever as she was, had the weakness to believe in spirits and their manifestations. The instrument alluded to consists of a little table with a moveable top, eighteen inches in diameter, turning freely on an axle, like a wheel. On its edge are traced, as upon a dial plate, the letters of the alphabet, the numerals, and the words “yes” and “no.” In the centre is a fixed needle. The medium places his fingers on this table, which turns and stops when the desired letters is brought up under the needle. The letters thus indicated being written down one after the other words and phrases are obtained, often with great rapidity.
“It is to be remarked that the top of the little table does not turn round under the fingers, but that the fingers remain in their place and follow the movement of the table. A powerful medium might probably obtain an independent movement; in which case the experiment would be more conclusive, because less open to the possibility of trickery.”
Ouija came about as kind of a by-product of the whole spiritualist movement that was all the rage in the early 1900's. Table-tipping was being done back then, and a Frenchman, who's last name was "planchette", produced a device that looked like a small table like a ouija pointer, that stood on two small stilts and a pen or pencil at the third point. The operator would sit with his hands as lightly as he could resting on the planchette, this device named after it's inventor, and the thing would move, producing writing.
Ouija replaced the messy planchette (the writing was messy cursive scrawls) when a board was used in place of the sheet of paper, and all three stilts on the planchette were covered with felt enabling it to slide in any direction. This made the communications fast, clear, and easy.
Pearl Curran, a housewife from St. Louis, began using a friend's ouija board in 1913. The ouija board began to spell out communications that were purportedly from a spirit contact by the name of Patience Worth. Pearl and Patience then began collaborating via automatic writing, and their output was prodigious: Patience "dictated" over a million words of poetry, plays and novels to Mrs. Curran. The works were of sufficiently high literary quality to be published and to enjoy some success among readers, and were rich in historical detail.
The Ouija board, the kind we see in toy stores today, came about in 1889 when William Fuld of Baltimore, Maryland, and his brother Isaac, marketed Ouija boards to the American public. They had a small operation and the board was the hottest item they would ever produce. People bought the board not as a game, but as a device with which they would talk to their loved ones killed in battle during the two world wars. Around 1960 Parker Brothers approached the two Fuld brothers since they were having trouble making enough boards to satisfy the demand for them. PB then took over the rights. In the 70s, the Ouija was not popular any more and the Parkers close their operation.
Is the devil real?
Depends. If you believe in a God then you would have to believe in a Devil; in the same way as you cannot believe in darkness unless you know what light is.
(Somebody who was born blind & has never seen colours or white light does not know that they are in "the dark")
If you don't believe in God then you won't need to believe in the Devil to balance him/her out. If you do believe in Good, then you must believe in Evil. Some people don't believe in either God or devil, Good or Evil, (they just believe that everything "just happens" and it is not good or bad) -- we call them "psychopaths".
There is no evidence to suggest that any "devil" actually exists. It would be inappropriate to assert certain views onto others that may not follow the same beliefs or religions.
The evidence an folklore about the mythical devil paints a different picture from the "father of evil" often portrayed in sermons.
Initialy Christian Bible portrays the devil as a caretaker or manager of the secular affairs of the Earth. He tests people to see if they can be tempted or make the right decision but does not force evil on them. He appears to be on good terms with the Christian God - after all the idle bar bet over the piety of Job led that individual into getting a long period of bad luck, all supplied by God and not the devil.
In the Middle Ages stories (and modern literature) about selling your soul to the devil he is seen as bumbler - trying to be the Prince of Darkness but always confounded by tricky humans who weasel out of the contract.
pls post ur comments
The difference between Facebook and Twitter – addictiveness
There has been much talk over the past few days about how different social media Web sites, Facebook and Twitter in particular, are edging ever closer and converging with each other. And while that may be the case to a certain extent, they differ on one key issue: addictiveness.
At the end of last week, Facebook opened up some key features of the site to developers. By freeing up its application programming interfaces (APIs) just a tad, it means outside forces can develop and imagine new ways of using Facebook’s user features.
One of these features is the status updates. You know, the section of Facebook where you are asked to fill your friends in on what you are doing, or what is happening in your life. With the opening up of its APIs, these status updates can emigrate outwards to the rest of the social Web.
This has lead to comparisons being made to Twitter, the micro-blogging service which builds its whole appeal on similar (but inherently different) status updates. Clearly, there is some crossover between Facebook and Twitter, and that just goes to show how appealing it is to issue short blog-like posts updating your online friends instantly.
While some convergence of features does seem to be taking place, there are some key differences between Facebook and Twitter. As VentureBeat rightly points out, Facebook and Twitter updates are used in entirely different ways. Twitter is much more conversational and filled with observations on the world. While Facebook status updates tend to stick to a formulaic “I am doing this,” or “I have done this.”
But for me there’s a bigger differentiator between the two social media sites, and that is addictiveness. I usually log in to Facebook two or three times a day. I check to see what my friends have been doing (usually nothing of note), maybe take a quiz, maybe look at a new photo or two, and then log out. There is very little interactivity or involvement, and no conversation to speak of.
Whereas Twitter gets my attention maybe five times a day, and once logged in, I’m much more interested. I’ll do the obvious of updating my status with what I’m up to, but then I’ll scroll for ages reading everyone’s conversation streams and responding where necessary. An hour can go by and I’m still on the site, conversing, reading, and interacting.
It’s this addictive quality that, for me at least, gives Twitter the edge in this field. Facebook is more of an all-encompassing social network, but for day-to-day usage, Twitter takes some beating. Which just shows how specializing at one aspect of a service and doing it well is sometimes more sensible than throwing the kitchen sink into the mix and seeing what sticks.
At the end of last week, Facebook opened up some key features of the site to developers. By freeing up its application programming interfaces (APIs) just a tad, it means outside forces can develop and imagine new ways of using Facebook’s user features.
One of these features is the status updates. You know, the section of Facebook where you are asked to fill your friends in on what you are doing, or what is happening in your life. With the opening up of its APIs, these status updates can emigrate outwards to the rest of the social Web.
This has lead to comparisons being made to Twitter, the micro-blogging service which builds its whole appeal on similar (but inherently different) status updates. Clearly, there is some crossover between Facebook and Twitter, and that just goes to show how appealing it is to issue short blog-like posts updating your online friends instantly.
While some convergence of features does seem to be taking place, there are some key differences between Facebook and Twitter. As VentureBeat rightly points out, Facebook and Twitter updates are used in entirely different ways. Twitter is much more conversational and filled with observations on the world. While Facebook status updates tend to stick to a formulaic “I am doing this,” or “I have done this.”
But for me there’s a bigger differentiator between the two social media sites, and that is addictiveness. I usually log in to Facebook two or three times a day. I check to see what my friends have been doing (usually nothing of note), maybe take a quiz, maybe look at a new photo or two, and then log out. There is very little interactivity or involvement, and no conversation to speak of.
Whereas Twitter gets my attention maybe five times a day, and once logged in, I’m much more interested. I’ll do the obvious of updating my status with what I’m up to, but then I’ll scroll for ages reading everyone’s conversation streams and responding where necessary. An hour can go by and I’m still on the site, conversing, reading, and interacting.
It’s this addictive quality that, for me at least, gives Twitter the edge in this field. Facebook is more of an all-encompassing social network, but for day-to-day usage, Twitter takes some beating. Which just shows how specializing at one aspect of a service and doing it well is sometimes more sensible than throwing the kitchen sink into the mix and seeing what sticks.
How to see ghosts and spirits (with your own eyes!)
This article simply tells you how to see spirits / ghosts.
There are many ways of how to see ghosts, some people may make them up in their heads and not
realise it, but I can say you CAN see spirits with your eyes, every one can.
Its like riding a bike for the first time, or anything else involving a skill. Your not going to be good at it
straight away.
This is a fact, we humans see colour, but what you didn’t know is that part of our eyes see black and
white. Yes strange isn’t it. The side of your eyes can only see black and white but the front of your eyes
transmit colour.
The best way to see spirits is to lay down for starters, then relax your eyes and brain.
Blank your mind (This is very important !), it will not work if you have stuff on your mind.
When you are relaxed with your EYES CLOSED let yourself drift into the darkness. After 1
minute of looking into the darkness you should start to get little images or outlines of pictures or
people.
For example you could look into this darkness and see a wheel. And that wheel would be a
message from a spirit showing you this image. And this image would mean something important
to you or the person what is showing you this wheel.
Now the signs what to look for.
You can get colours,
Pictures of people,
Images of a memory,
Show an object like a clock or flowers.
A smell of perfume that wasn’t there before,
Shapes * if you see shapes concentrate on that shape and it should change into a message. E.g. the
above!
When in this state, and receiving a message you need to be confident and accept the message to move
onto the next step.
Eventually the more times you practice this, you will be able to see spirits pretty easy in time, but some
people are naturally gifted to do so. Are you?.
Also one more fact from me is many mediums have different ways of seeing and contacting spirits, but
all are similar to the method I just showed you.
The only thing different is that the mediums tell you to find a light in the darkness, and try to walk
towards the light, and there you will see messages or spirits.
But for me and many others the method I just explained to you works! Try it. And tell me what
messages you get!
Thanks from all at
Jallu +919895373124
There are many ways of how to see ghosts, some people may make them up in their heads and not
realise it, but I can say you CAN see spirits with your eyes, every one can.
Its like riding a bike for the first time, or anything else involving a skill. Your not going to be good at it
straight away.
This is a fact, we humans see colour, but what you didn’t know is that part of our eyes see black and
white. Yes strange isn’t it. The side of your eyes can only see black and white but the front of your eyes
transmit colour.
The best way to see spirits is to lay down for starters, then relax your eyes and brain.
Blank your mind (This is very important !), it will not work if you have stuff on your mind.
When you are relaxed with your EYES CLOSED let yourself drift into the darkness. After 1
minute of looking into the darkness you should start to get little images or outlines of pictures or
people.
For example you could look into this darkness and see a wheel. And that wheel would be a
message from a spirit showing you this image. And this image would mean something important
to you or the person what is showing you this wheel.
Now the signs what to look for.
You can get colours,
Pictures of people,
Images of a memory,
Show an object like a clock or flowers.
A smell of perfume that wasn’t there before,
Shapes * if you see shapes concentrate on that shape and it should change into a message. E.g. the
above!
When in this state, and receiving a message you need to be confident and accept the message to move
onto the next step.
Eventually the more times you practice this, you will be able to see spirits pretty easy in time, but some
people are naturally gifted to do so. Are you?.
Also one more fact from me is many mediums have different ways of seeing and contacting spirits, but
all are similar to the method I just showed you.
The only thing different is that the mediums tell you to find a light in the darkness, and try to walk
towards the light, and there you will see messages or spirits.
But for me and many others the method I just explained to you works! Try it. And tell me what
messages you get!
Thanks from all at
Jallu +919895373124
Saturday, 4 June 2011
How To Impress A Girl And Make Her Fall In Love With A Boy ?
Impress her with your brains,
act smarter and more mature
than those other idiots . But
don't come off as a geek or nerd.
If you REALLY want to impress
her, be interested in her, find her
fascinating, listen to her,
encourage her to tell you what
her opinion is about things, value
her input and show sincere
respect for her as a person. Do
this and you can ignore the rest
of the steps in this jallu's
article.
Never try to be physical with
her . She might get
uncomfortable around you and
get scared away.
Find out if she is single.
Make eye contact as much as
you can . Try to get her to know
that you notice her.
Act charming. Have witty
conversations with the girl.
Know the latest fashions,
trends, music, movies, and TV
shows . Pick up a newspaper or a
magazine and read through all of
the sections. Get a general
knowledge of what is going on
in today's teen world so you will
have a lot to talk about.
Make friends with everyone,
especially girl friends, but
DON'T flirt with every girl you
see . Girls might get discouraged
and think you like someone else,
and then they will stop trying.
Be the guy who everyone sits
around and listens to . Be the all
around guy. Be able to talk to the
goths, jocks, popular kids, geeks,
and everyone else. She will feel
way more comfortable around
you knowing that you are cool
with everyone you know, instead
of being the geek in the back of
the classroom who has no
friends.
Find out what you both have in
common, and make sure that
she knows that you two have
the same likes and dislikes .
Make her feel really
comfortable around you. Make
sure that she knows that she is
able to come to you with any
problems that she might be
having in her life. Also, make sure
that she knows that not only can
you listen to her problems, but
you can also solve her problems,
or maybe at least just come up
with ideas to help her solve
them. Be warned, however.
Offering advice is one thing, but
girls don't talk about their
problems to someone because
they want that person to try and
solve them all. They want
someone who will listen, first
and foremost.
Now here's the big step, say "I
like you" first and then ask her
out to a movie, or to lunch . If
she feels the same way that you
feel about her, then she will most
likely say yes. Girls usually think
that the guy will make the first
move, so ask her out whenever
you feel like she's close to you.
Don't let anyone dominate you
or do something which is really
gonna show you below the
mark . But--if you're not very
good at something, use that to
your advantage. If you can't do
something very well, be man
enough to admit it. This may
seem counter-productive, but the
girl will probably see someone
who is strong in other areas and
knows his own weaknesses, and
can see that as a sign of maturity.
A little imperfection doesn't hurt.
Be yourself and show her who
you really are . Note one thing
that every girl has different
thinking so try to understand
her, and don't over limit
yourself.be sincere with her.the
truth is if you like yourself
everyone will like you.it's not a
easy task to attract
everyone.you've to be yourself in
every moment of your life.the
mistake which every man make
is when he saw his lover he will
be decent.so other will think that
because of his lover he is
behaving like this.our weapon to
attract girls are be with her side
not too much over and be a
good gentle man
Some times when you find she
is struggling to get back from
other activities, try to guide her
by completely thinking about
things from her mind . This will
help her to read and understand
your mind to great extent.
You can also boast always for
impressing a girl .
DoNt fOrGOt To CoMmEnt AbOut ThIS
act smarter and more mature
than those other idiots . But
don't come off as a geek or nerd.
If you REALLY want to impress
her, be interested in her, find her
fascinating, listen to her,
encourage her to tell you what
her opinion is about things, value
her input and show sincere
respect for her as a person. Do
this and you can ignore the rest
of the steps in this jallu's
article.
Never try to be physical with
her . She might get
uncomfortable around you and
get scared away.
Find out if she is single.
Make eye contact as much as
you can . Try to get her to know
that you notice her.
Act charming. Have witty
conversations with the girl.
Know the latest fashions,
trends, music, movies, and TV
shows . Pick up a newspaper or a
magazine and read through all of
the sections. Get a general
knowledge of what is going on
in today's teen world so you will
have a lot to talk about.
Make friends with everyone,
especially girl friends, but
DON'T flirt with every girl you
see . Girls might get discouraged
and think you like someone else,
and then they will stop trying.
Be the guy who everyone sits
around and listens to . Be the all
around guy. Be able to talk to the
goths, jocks, popular kids, geeks,
and everyone else. She will feel
way more comfortable around
you knowing that you are cool
with everyone you know, instead
of being the geek in the back of
the classroom who has no
friends.
Find out what you both have in
common, and make sure that
she knows that you two have
the same likes and dislikes .
Make her feel really
comfortable around you. Make
sure that she knows that she is
able to come to you with any
problems that she might be
having in her life. Also, make sure
that she knows that not only can
you listen to her problems, but
you can also solve her problems,
or maybe at least just come up
with ideas to help her solve
them. Be warned, however.
Offering advice is one thing, but
girls don't talk about their
problems to someone because
they want that person to try and
solve them all. They want
someone who will listen, first
and foremost.
Now here's the big step, say "I
like you" first and then ask her
out to a movie, or to lunch . If
she feels the same way that you
feel about her, then she will most
likely say yes. Girls usually think
that the guy will make the first
move, so ask her out whenever
you feel like she's close to you.
Don't let anyone dominate you
or do something which is really
gonna show you below the
mark . But--if you're not very
good at something, use that to
your advantage. If you can't do
something very well, be man
enough to admit it. This may
seem counter-productive, but the
girl will probably see someone
who is strong in other areas and
knows his own weaknesses, and
can see that as a sign of maturity.
A little imperfection doesn't hurt.
Be yourself and show her who
you really are . Note one thing
that every girl has different
thinking so try to understand
her, and don't over limit
yourself.be sincere with her.the
truth is if you like yourself
everyone will like you.it's not a
easy task to attract
everyone.you've to be yourself in
every moment of your life.the
mistake which every man make
is when he saw his lover he will
be decent.so other will think that
because of his lover he is
behaving like this.our weapon to
attract girls are be with her side
not too much over and be a
good gentle man
Some times when you find she
is struggling to get back from
other activities, try to guide her
by completely thinking about
things from her mind . This will
help her to read and understand
your mind to great extent.
You can also boast always for
impressing a girl .
DoNt fOrGOt To CoMmEnt AbOut ThIS
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